Carbon emissions from the cement industry can be reduced without CCS

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from cement production are often described as hard-to-abate, and carbon capture and (usage) storage (CCS or CCUS) is claimed to be the only major solution. This view is strongly promoted by the cement industry and is frequently said to be endorsed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in its Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). A closer look at AR6, however, shows many ways to cut cement emissions cost-effectively without CCS, some of which are available today or will be soon. Such methods include material substitution and the use of alternative binders (instead of cement/clinker) to bond sand and pebbles together in concrete.