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Index of articles 2001-2010

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Regional index Country index Subject index

Global
Asia
Europe
European Union

- General/Misc.;

- Air pollution policy;

- Ambient air quality;

- Mobile sources & vehicle fuels;

- Shipping & aviation;

- Stationary sources;

- Climate policy

Central & Eastern Europe

Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Canada
Czech Rep.
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Ireland

Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal

Russia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Ukraine
United Kingdom
United States
Actions/NGOs
Ammonia
Biodiversity
Climate change
Convention on Long- range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP)
Corrosion/cultural heritage
Critical loads/levels
East-West cooperation
Economic instruments
Energy efficiency
EU legislation
Forest damage
Health effects
Oceans and lakes
Large Combustion Plants (LCPs)
Nitrogen pollution
Ozone (ground-level)
Renewable energy
Transportation
  - General
  - Aircraft
  - Shipping
Volatile Organic Comp.

Regional index

Global

1/01:5 Climate convention (COP6). 6-7 IPCC Third Assessment Report.  8 CO2 from ships.  2/01:18-19 IPCC Third Assessment Report. 24 Renewables (UNEP report). 3/01:20 Intercontinental transport of pollutants. 1/02:11 Windpower. 2/02:1,4-6 Climate change and equity. 21 Solar energy. 22-23 Global motor vehicle policy (Bellagio recommendations). 4/02:19 Hemispheric pollution. 24 Global trends (Vital signs 2002). 2/03:6 Windpower. 3/03:5 Global CO2 emissions tending to rise. 1/04:1,3 Shipping emissions. 7 MARPOL Annex VI, status of ratification. 15 Climate convention (COP9). 21 Disappearing ice masses. 22-23 Global warming and biodiversity. 2/04:18-19 Rain forests. 20-21 Coral reefs (Australia). 2/05:11 Windpower (worldwide). Solar cells (ditto). 16-17 Global emission trends. 19 The Millenium Assessment. 3/05:6 IMO MEPC meeting. NGO recommendations. 20 Global warming effects (Exeter meeting). 21 Post-Kyoto negotiations. 4/05:20 Strong market growth for renewables. 1/06:18 GAINS model. 20 COP11 (Montreal). 21 Emissions of greenhouse gases 1990-2003. 2/06:1,4-5 New WHO air quality guidelines. 6-7 Emission standards for shipping (IMO). 15-17 Non-road engines and fuels worldwide. 4/06:14-15 Post-Kyoto negotations. 1/07:13-15 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. 16 Stricter fuel standards discussed (IMO). 17-18 Global shipping emissions. 19 Global energy strategy (EREC, Greenpeace). 2/07:1,4-5 Shipping emissions (ICCT report). 10-11 Stricter shipping standards delayed (IMO). 14-15 Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability (IPCC 4th assessment report). 16-17 It is possible to stop global warming (IPCC 4th assessment report). 3/07:3 No agreement on ship emissions control (IMO). 20 CO2 from new cars. 22 Link air pollution - climate change (Saltsjöbaden 3). 24 Vienna climate talks (climate convention). 4/07:1, 3 Ship emissions causing 64,000 deaths a year. 6-7 Massive GHG emission reductions needed. 8 IPCC Synthesis Report. 4/07 Anniversary section:14-15 Climate issue hotter than ever. 1/08:3 Ship fuels and health effects. 12-13 IMO moving slowly. 24 Road map agreed on Bali (UN climate convention). 2/08:3-4 IMO agreement on shipping fuels. 16 Climate impact of agriculture. 20 Target level should be 350 ppm (Jim Hansen). 21 Warming could hit tropical wildlife hardest. 3/08:19-20 Shipping climate impact (IMO). 4/08:5 Integrated approach (GAP project). 6-7 Global ship emission standards adopted. 9 A sustainable world energy outlook (Greenpeace, EREC). 12 Climate change gathers pace faster than expected. 16-17 Ground level ozone - a growing threat. 20-21 Time for fair climate agreement. 22-23 Eat less meat! Global index not used, 2009-2010.

Asia

2/01:16-17 Renewables India and China. 2/02:15-17 China. 3/02:10 Asian Brown Cloud (UNEP report). 4/02:20-21 China (UNDP Report). 3/03:18 Sulphur trading (China). 4/03:9 Power-plant regulation. 3/04:15 Sulphur emissions (China). 1/06:18 GAINS model. 4/06:19 Suffering from sulphur pollution (China). 1/09: 15 Asian brown cloud affects food safety for billions. 1/10: 11 New air quality standards in India. 23 Asian emissions increase ozone over North America. 4/10: 19 Air pollution and health in Asia.

Europe
2/01:18 Expected climate effects. 3/01:14 Black triangle. 20-21 Emissions data 1999. 4/01:12-13 Mapping of critical loads. 18 European forest survey 2000. 1/02:18 Sulphur emissions reduced beyond expectations. 3/02:14-15 European forest survey 2001. 18-19 EMEP emissions data. 4/02:10 Particles - death rates (APHEIS study). 1/03:15 Power sector Europe vs USA. 3/03:1,4-5 Europe 2100 - a warmer world. 10 CO2 emissions from European power sector can be halved (WWF study). 24 Environmental progress at risk (EEA report). 4/03:1,3-4 Phase out of coal. 5 Peat. 8-9 Ground-level ozone 2003. 15 European forest survey 2002. 16 Heavy metals. 17 European Investment Bank criticized. 22-23 EMEP emissions data. 1/04:18-20 Ancillary benefits from CO2 reductions. 4/04:1,3-5 Best and worst combustion plants. 17-18 Damaged area underestimated. 18-19 Mapping of critical loads. 20-21 EMEP emissions data. 22 European forest survey 2003. 3/05:18-19 EMEP emissions data. 4/05:9 European Environment Outlook (EEA). 10 Climate change - biodiversity effects. 15 Twenty years of forest monitoring. 2004 results. 21 Dirty thirty (WWF). 1/06:1,4-5 Health effects of emissions from large point sources. 2 Editorial. 19 Climate change effects. 3/06:10-11 EMEP emissions data. 2/07:8-9 Dirty Thirty. 3/07:18-19 EMEP emissions data. 4/07:10 "Environment for Europe" process. 4/07 Anniversary section:3-8 European air pollution policy. 10-12 Emission trends 19080-2005. Acidification and eutrophication 1980-2020. 1/08:5 Windpower installations 2007. 17 Air quality in Europe. 2/08:22 Warming affects air quality. 4/08:18-19 EMEP emissions data 2006. 4/09: 14-15 Shipping emissions up – land-based slightly down. 16-17 Make ships pay for the NOx emissions.

European Union
(General/Miscellaneous; CAFE & air pollution policy; Ambient air quality; Mobile sources & vehicle fuels; Shipping & aviation; Stationary sources; Climate policy)

EU: General/Miscellaneous

1/01:13 Sixth environmental action programme. 2/01:6-7 Energy Intelligence. 7 Action plan for energy efficiency. 17 Common energy tax. 3/01:3 EEA status report. 8-9 Strategy for sustainable development. 8 6th environment action programme. 9 Enlargement process. 10 External costs of power generation. 11 Coal subsidies. Environmental taxes. 4/01:1,4-5 Integrated assessment of environmental policy. 10-11 Benefits from EU enlargement. 1/02:5 VOCs in products. 6-7 Renewable energy. 6th environment action programme. 10-11 Ammonia from non-agricultural sources. 2/02:16 6th environment action programme agreed. VOCs in paints. 17 Energy taxes. Fact sheet: EU legislation on air pollution and acidification. 4/02:5 Buildings directive. 7 Public procurement--environment. 15 Pricing of external costs. 1/03:7 VOCs from paints and varnishes. Subsidies listed. 2/03:6 Windpower. Insulation. 7 Energy taxes decided. 3/03:18 Commission warnings. 20 VOCs from paints and varnishes. 4/03:16 VOCs in paints and varnishes. 1/04:8 Public procurement. 9 Renewables 2020. VOCs in paints. Energy taxation. Energy efficiency directive proposed. 10 Co-generation directive adopted. Strategy on urban environment. 15 Legislation enforcement. 16-17 EEA emission projections. 17 Most accession countries well below targets. 2/04: 5 VOCs in paints. 10 Windpower. 18 Renewable targets receding. 3/04:8 Green public purchasing. 9 Energy subsidies. 9 Implementation of legislation. 15 Legislation no harm to competitiveness. 16 Environmental signals 2004 (EEA report). 22 Future targets for renewables. 1/05:22 Mercury strategy proposed. 3/05:7 Mercury strategy. 11-14 Fact sheet: Renewable energy in the European Union. 16 Green paper on energy efficiency. 17 No mandatory targets for efficiency (EU). Ecodesign directive (EU). 4/05:9 European Environment Outlook (EEA). 1/06:6 No binding targets for energy efficiency. Thematic strategy on urban environment. Regulation and economy. 3/06:14-15 Compliance costs often exaggerated. 4/06:18 Energy efficiency plan unveiled. 1/07:8-9 Transport policy (TERM 2006). 2/07:2 Synergy effects (Editorial). 19 Green paper on market-based instruments. 4/09: 6 Reducing air pollution mitigates climate change. 1/11: 8 Policy action improves air quality in Europe. 9 Further cuts in emissions of air pollutants needed.

EU: Air pollution policy

1/01:12 NEC and LCP directives, standards for ground-level ozone. 2/01:1,3-5 NEC and LCP directives. 2 CAFE programme (Editorial). 10 Clean Air for Europe Programme. 3/01: 1,4-5 NEC and LCP directives. 9 Directive on ground-level ozone. 4/01:3 Air-quality directives evaluated. 6 Clean Air for Europe Programme. 11 Ozone directive agreed. 1/02:7 Ozone directive. 1/02: 5 NEC and LCP directives adopted. 6 CAFE programme. 3/03:19 No binding limits proposed for PAH and heavy metals. 4/03:6-7 Clean Air for Europe (CAFE). 7 Implementation of the NEC directive. 1/04:9 Air quality: PAH and heavy metals. 2/04: 1,3-4 NEC directive: Way off target. 5 Air quality directive adopted (PAHs and heavy metals). 11-14 Fact sheet: The National Emission Ceilings Directive. 4/04:10-11 Future emissions (CAFE baseline scenarios). 1/05:6-8  Future emissions (CAFE scenarios). 8-9 Costs and benefits (CAFE). 2/05:1, 3-4 Limits for particles exceeded. CAFE programme (Editorial). 8-9 Future emissions and effects (CAFE scenarios). 3/05:2 Thematic strategy on air pollution (Editorial). 5 Thematic strategy on air pollution. Vehicle registration tax. 4/05: 1,3-4 Thematic strategy on air pollution presented. 2 Overestimated costs (Editorial). 11-14 Fact sheet: The CAFE programme and the thematic strategy on air pollution. 1/06:7 Unambitious proposal deplored. 2/06:2 Editorial. 3 Thematic strategy and air quality directive. 3/06:1, 4-5 Ancillary benefits of climate policy. 12-13 NEC directive: slow progress. 1/07:6-7 NEC directive reporting. 2/07:5 NEC directive revision. 6-7 NEC evaluation. 3/07:1, 4-5 Multiple benefits of low-carbon policy. 8-11 New scenarios for future emissions (NEC revision). 4/07:8 Commission takes action. High concentrations despite drop in emissions. 1/08:1,4-5 NEC directive reporting. 3/08:1-3 NEC revision delayed. 2 Avioding action (Editorial). 4-5 New NEC scenarios. 4/08:1,3 Climate policy improves health. 1/09: 1,4-5 Sixteen states exceed emission limits. 2 Editorial: To comply or not to comply 2/09: 18-19 EU states postpone air quality compliance. 3/09: 10 Commission scrutinizes air quality derogations. 4/09: 4-5 One in two EU states will miss emission limits. 21 EU acts on air quality breaches. 1/10: 9 Touch stance of air quality derogations. 2/10: 5 Commission take action on air quality failures. 18 Breaches of emission ceilings expected. 3/10: 16-17 Agrrement on Industrial Emissions Directive. 20 Emissions ceilings may be further postponed. 22 Air pollutant emissions to exceed limits. 4/10: 6-8 New analysis of national emissions ceilings. 1/11: 6-7 High economic benefits of NEC directive.

EU: Ambient air quality

1/01:3 Ozone concentrations 99-00. 4/01: 3 Ozone concentrations 2001. 7 PAH emissions. 4/02: 15 Ozone levels 2002 (EEA report).  3/05:23 Ozone levels 2004. 4/05:4-5 New air quality directive proposed. 6 PM10 in European cities. 1/06:7 Environment and health (EEA report). 2/06:2 Editorial. 3 Thematic strategy and air quality directive. 3/06:6-8 New air quality directive. 10 Ozone levels 2005. 4/06:8 Ministers agree on air quality compromise. 3/07:5 Parliament weak on air quality directive. 1/08:16 New air quality directive agreed (EU). 17 Air quality in Europe. 3/08:10-11 Legislation, implementation. 2/09: 19 One in four Europeans breath unhealthy air. 3/09: 22 Still high ozone levels despite less air pollution. 1/10: 2 Editorial: clean the air. 2/10: 1,4-5 Particles killing half a million. 23 All-time low in European ozone levels. 3/10: 9 More EU air quality failures. 2/11: 4-5 Overhaul of EU air quality policy announced.

EU: Mobile sources & vehicle fuels

1/01:10 Pleasure craft emissions. 11 Small petrol engines. 11-12 Motorcycles. 16 Kilometre tax for heavy vehicles. 2/01:10 Sulphur in motor fuels. 17 Motorcycle standards. 3/01:10 Small petrol engines. Pleasure craft. 4/01:5 Sulphur in motor fuels. 7 Small petrol engines. Pleasure boats. 8-9 Common transport policy proposed. 9 Transport trends (TERM 2001). 1/02:3 Sulphur in road fuels. 5 Motorcycles. 2/02:8 Motorcycles (conciliation). Pleasure craft and non-road machinery (common position). 3/02:6 Sulphur-free fuels. 4/02:5 Non-road machinery standards decided. 1/03:7 Sulphur-free fuels decided. 8 Non-road mobile machinery. 16-17 Development in transportation sector (TERM 2002). 18-19 Taxation of transportation. 2/03:6 Non-road petrol engines. 7 Pleasure craft. Sulphur-free fuels. 8-9 Stricter diesel standards in the offing. 3/03:21 Kilometre tax for heavy vehicles (Eurovignette). 4/03:Non-road diesel engine standards. 18-19 New standards for diesel-driven road vehicles (UBA proposal). 2/04:5 Eurovignette directive. 3/04:11-14 Fact sheet: Emission standards for light and heavy road vehicles.4/04:14 Air pollution from cars understated (TERM 2004). No agreement on kilometre taxes. Unsustainable lending. 15 Future emission standards for cars. 1/05:11 Kilometre taxes. 17 Particle filters for diesel cars. 2/05:10 CARS 21. 11 Biofuels. 14-15 Agreement on kilometre taxes. 3/05:1,3 Emission standards for passenger cars (Euro 5 pre-proposal). 7 Biofuels directive. 1/06:3 Euro 5 proposal. Public spending for EEVs. Clean diesel cars. 10 CARS21. Kilometre taxes (Eurovignette directive). 2/06:9 CO2 from new cars. Euro 5 standards for cars. 15-17 Non-road engines and fuels. 3/06:22 Emission standards for cars. 4/06:9 Car industry fails to meet CO2 targets for new cars. 1/07:3 CO2 from cars. 10-11 Stricter fuel standards proposed. Euro 5 and 6 standards for cars adopted. 3/07:12-13 Consultation on Euro VI standards for HDVs. 21 CO2 from new cars. Decarbonization of fuels. 4/07:11 Fuel quality directive revision. Sulphur in road fuels decreasing. 12 CO2 from new cars (T&E ranking). 1/08:8 Renewable fuels. 9 CO2 from new cars. 10 Fuel quality directive revision. 15 Euro VI standards proposed. 2/08:9 Fuel quality directive revision. 10-11 Transport trends (TERM 2007). 3/08:6-7 Road charing proposal. 7 Tyres. 8 Euro VI for heavy vehicles. 4/08:10 Low-carbon fuels. 1/09: 3 Petrol vapour recovery to become mandatory. 20-21 Stricter emission limits for trucks and buses. 2/09: 13 Transport emissions still on the increase.20 Reduced pollution from petrol stations. 20 Fuel efficient cars lead to lower oil prices.  4/09: 20 EU weakening fuel efficiency standards. 20 Dutch kilometre charge proposed. 2/10: 22 Too much NOx from trucks. 4/10: 16 Tougher emissions standards for motorcycles. 20 Extra time for non-road vehicles to meet limits. 2/11: 6 Sustainable transport is more than emissions. 8-9 Potential for cuts in the non road sector.

EU: Shipping & aviation

4/01:2 Air pollution from shipping (Editorial). 14-15 Air pollution from shipping. 1/02:5 Strategy on ships' emissions. 3/02:8-10 Trends in ships' emissions. 4/02:6 Sea strategy proposed. 8-9 Trading emissions from ships. 1/03:1,3-4 Shipping strategy published. 2 Cost-effective to do it at sea (Editorial). 4-5 Sulphur in marine fuels. 2/03:4-5 Sulphur in marine oils. 3/03:2 Sulphur in marine fuels (Editorial). 6-7 Parliament wants stricter limits for sulphur in marine fuels. 1/04:3 Green Marine Award. 4 Cost of low-sulphur fuel at sea. 5 Responses to strategy for reducing emissions from seagoing ships. 6-7 Economic instruments at sea. 3/04:4 Sulphur in marine oils. 5 Clean Marine Award. 4/04:2 Shipping emissions (Editorial). 1/05:1,3 Sulphur in marine fuels (cost & benefits). 2 Ditto (Editorial). 4-5 Ditto (EU directive). 2/05:7 Sulphur in marine fuels (directive agreed). 19 Levy on airline tickets. 3/05:7 Marine sulphur directive into force. 15 Aviation. 4/05: 4 Marine strategy. 7 Aviation strategy. 16-18 Shipping abatement measures investigated. 18 Assignment of shipping emissions. 19 Shipping and economic instruments. 1/06:9 Aviation and emissions trading. 2/06:7 Shore-side electricity. 4/06:1, 3-4 More clean air per euro at sea (EU study). 1/07:11 Aviation to join emissions trading scheme. 2/07:12-13 Cost-effective to reduce shipping emissions. 3/07:13 Pleasure boats. 3/08:9 Aviation and emissions trading. 2/09: 22 Ship pollution costs billions. 3/09: 2 Editorial – Europe needs Emission Control Areas. 4/09: 18 New greenhouse gas targets for global shipping and aviation. 1/10: 15 New EU sulphur regulations in ports. 3/10: 10-11 EU consults on marine fuels. 1/11: 22-23 NOx emission control in the Baltic Sea.

EU: Stationary sources

1/01:12 NEC and LCP directives, standards for ground-level ozone. 14-16 Best available techniques for LCPs (IPPC directive). 2/01:1,3-5 NEC and LCP directives. 8-9 LCP directive. 3/01:1,4-5 NEC and LCP directives. 3/02:11 Implementation of LCP directive in the UK. 12-14 The IPPC directive in the NGO perspective. 1/04:8 European polluting emission register. 2/04:8-9 The largest point sources in EU15 (EPER register). 4/04:1,3-5 Best and worst combustion plants. 1/05:12-13 LCP BREF document adopted. 3/05:4 LCP directive revision. 1/06:6 EPER. 2/06:18-19 Review of IPPC Directive. 4/06:14 EPER register updated. 1/07:20-21 Coal-fired plants worst point sources (new EPER data). 1/08:11 Revision of industrial pollution laws (IPPC, LCP). 2/08:1, 6-7 Beneficial to cut pollution. 8 High potential to reduce emissions (EEA report). 3/08:12 BAT threatened (IPPC, LCP). 1/09: 16-17 Coal-fired power plants still heavy polluters. 2/09: 14-16 A push for cleaner industry in the new pollution directive. 15 Dirtest EU power plants must close. 17 Top of the dirty thirty list. 3/09: 20-21 Ministers water down pollution legislation. 4/09: 3 Tracking down the worst polluters in Europe. 21 EU acts on missing permits under IPPC 1/10: 23 Parliament debate on IPPC revision. 2/10: 3 And the winner is… 5 Controversial power plant upgrade. 18 EU Parliament votes for stronger pollution directive.combustion. 3/10 Europe's worst polluters: still a lot of work to do. 2/11:13 The dirtiest plants in Europe.

EU: Climate policy

1/01:9 Kyoto commitments. 2/01:16 CO2 reduction costs. 19 Trend in emissions of greenhouse gases. 3/01:11 CO2 from cars. 24 Reduction potential for greenhouse gases. 4/01:7 Proposals for directives on climate change. 1/02:12-13 Biofuel directives proposed. 3/02:1,3-4 Energy use--CO2 emissions. 2 Ditto (Editorial). Biofuels. 4/02:5 CO2 emissions trading. 1/03:6 CO2 from new cars. 7 Biofuels directive. 10 CO2 emissions trading. 20 Emissions of greenhouse gases. 2/03:7 Biofuels. 24 CO2 reductions requested. 3/03:3 Greenhouse-gas emissions. 9 CO2 emissions trading. 19 Biofuels directive into force. Directive proposed for fluorinated gases. 1/04: 8 CO2 from new cars. 10 Linking directive. 11-14 Fact sheet: EU on climate change: targets, strategies and legislation. 2/04:5 CO2 from cars. 6 Linking directive adopted. F-gas directive. 3/04:17 Emissions of greenhouse gases. Signs of climate change discernible. 18 CO2 emissions trading. 4/04:8 Fluorinated gases (common position). 12 Climate policy post-Kyoto. 13 CO2 emissions trading. Energy efficiency. 1/05:10-11 CO2 from cars (T&E report). 18 EU greenhouse gas emissions. CO2-trading update. 19 No new climate targets proposed. 2/05:10 CO2 from cars. 11 Renewable heating. 12 CO2 trading and national allocation plans. New climate targets adopted. 23 Vision 2050 (Inforse). 3/05:5 All NAPs approved. 8 EU greenhouse gas emissions 2003. 9-10 Future greenhouse gas emissions. 10 CO2 from cars. Sustainable energy Europe. 4/05: 8 Second European Climate Change Programme. HFC and air conditioning. 20 EP wants binding targets for renewables. 22-23 Low-CO2 scenarios for the EU (Greenpeace, WWF). 1/06:9 Aviation and emissions trading. 15 Biomass action plan proposed. 17 EP demands. CO2 trading. 20 Kyoto commitment within reach. 2/06:22 Biofuels. 3/06:1, 4-5 Ancillary benefits of climate policy. 4/06:12-13 Compliance to Kyoto commitment. 1/07:1,4-5 New climate and renewable targets adopted. 3/07:11 Slight decrease in GHG emissions. 1/08:6-8 Climate and energy proposal. 2/08:23 Ditto. 3/08:13 Emissions 2006. 14-15 Climate and energy proposal. 16-17 Fuel-efficient cars. 18 Carbon capture and storage (CCS). 4/08:1,3 Climate policy improves health. 11 Climate package. Energy efficiency and security. 13 Emissions 2006 and forecast. 1/09: 6-9 Climate package – strong structure, weak numbers. 9 EU’s road to Copenhagen. 10 Carbon limit proposed for large power plants. 17 Wind now leads EU power sector. 2/09: 23 EU energy and climate package adopted. 3/09: EU pledges billions for post-Kyoto climate agreement. 1/10: 16-17 Supergrid paves the way for wind power expansion. 18 Solar power from Sahara for fossil-free Europe. 2/10: 6-7 Roadmap for 2050 offers low-carbon Europe for free. 20-21 Fourty per cent carbon cuts with smaller scale tech. 4/10: 1,3 GHG emissions must peak by 2015. 4-5 MEPs call for binding energy efficiency target.

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Central & Eastern Europe

2/01:16 Accession costs. 3/01:14 Black Triangle. 4/01:10-11 Benefits from EU enlargement. 1/03:16-17 Development in transportation sector (TERM 2002).

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Country index

Austria

1/03:19 Kilometre tax for heavy vehicles. 1/04:10 OECD environmental performance review. 4/04:15 Particle filters subsidized. 2/05:15 Kilometre taxes. NOx emissions.

Belgium

4/02:6 VOC emissions from refineries underestimated. 

Bulgaria

2/03:16-17 Maritsa-East energy complex. 1/05:17 Maritsa. 2/07:9 Emission reductions foreseen. 1/10: 9 Touch stance of air quality derogations.

Canada

2/02:24 Kyoto ratification. 4/06:8 Cities fight dirty US coal power. 2/09: 1,4-5 Cleaner ship fuels to save American lives. 3/09: 19 North American shipping ECA met by approval. 4/09: 10-11 ‘The most destructive project on earth’: the tar sands. 1/10: 23 Asian emissions increase ozone over North America. 2/10: 11 Higher pressure on Canadian oil sands.

Czech Republic

3/01:14 Black Triangle. 2/05:15 Kilometre taxes. 2/10: 5 Controversial power plant upgrade.

Denmark

3/01:12 Ships' emissions. 1/02:8 Renewable energy funding stopped. 1/03:9 Moped tax proposed. Controversial book (Lomborg). 2/03:15 Emissions trading (CO2). 4/03:10 Local air pollution from shipping. 1/06:8-9 Voluntary agreements. 9 Domestic combustion appliances. 2/07:3 External costs for power production. 3/07:14 Particles from wood burning. 15 Ammonia emissions decreasing. 1/08:20-21 CLRTAP implementation failures. 24 Particles from wood burning. 3/08:8 Road pricing Copenhagen. 4/09: 18 Ship emissions impact on Danish air quality.

Finland

1/01:17 Differentiated harbour dues (Åland). 4/02:18-19 Compliance to protocols under LRTAP Convention. 23 programme for meeting NEC ceilings.

France

3/04:10 Ambitious climate targets.

Germany

2/01:7 Energy efficiency law. 3/01:12 Harbour dues (Hamburg). 14 Black Triangle. 15 Power- sector emissions 1990-2000. Windpower. 19 Road pricing. 1/02:8 Windpower. 4/02:5 Aviation--external costs. 16 Climate policy. 1/03:19 Kilometre tax for heavy vehicles. 2/03:9 NOx from trucks. 3/03:21 Road-user charge postponed. 23 Aircraft subsides calculated. 4/03:5 Power sector. Energy subsidies. 8 Road pricing postponed again. 2/04:19 Lorry charging scheme resurrected. Particle filters subsidized. 3/04:19 Ditto. 4/04:8 Brown coal protests. 1/05:11 Kilometre taxes. 14-16 Lignite policy. 17 Particle filters for diesel cars. 2/05:1, 3-4 Limits for particles exceeded. 12 Lignite use must be reduced. 15 Kilometre taxes. 3/05:22 PM10 action plans requested. 2/06:8 Kilometre taxes. 23 Mail campaign "Stop lignite mining". 2/07:18 Action plan to curb GHG emissions. 3/07:13 Aims for 40% cut in GHG emissions. 1/08:18-19 Lignite - expensive and unsustainable. 24 Particles from wood burning. 3/08:23 Climate policy. 2/10: 16-17 A WWF prescription for greening Germany. 3/10: 9 CCS in Germany: emotional.

Greece

1/01:23 OECD environmental performance review. 4/02:18-19 Compliance to protocols under LRTAP Convention. 23 Energy policy evaluated. 1/03:7 Sulphur in liquid fuels. 1/06:16 CLRTAP implementation failures. 1/08:20-21 CLRTAP implementation failures. 1/09: 22 Greece and Spain still defaulting.

Hungary

2/05:1, 3-4 Limits for particles exceeded. 3/10: 12 Hungary: choosing a dirty path to development.

Ireland

4/01:19 Peat burning. 1/02:11 Windpower. 4/02:10 Coal ban--better health (Dublin). 4/02:18-19 Compliance to protocols under LRTAP Convention.

Italy

1/02:9 Anti-smog plan. 4/02:18-19 Compliance to protocols under LRTAP Convention. 23 Plan for CO2 reductions. 4/03:20 OECD Environmental performance review. 4/07:11 Congestion charging (Milan). 2/10: 5 Commission take action on air quality failures.

Netherlands

2/01:20 Ammonia. 3/01:5 Environmental policy plan. 18 Road pricing. 2/03:15 Flexible mechanisms. 22 Particles. 4/03:20 OECD Environmental performance review. 1/04:20 Profitable to do more at home (CO2). 4/04: Road pricing back on agenda. 4/05:8 Speed limits. 4/07:4 Air quality and shipping. 4/08:4 Climate policy  - air quality. 2/10: 14 British power plants pollute Dutch rural areas.

Norway

1/01:18-19 VOC emissions from oilfields.  2/01:19 Kola peninsula. 3/01:12 Ships' emissions. 4/02:18-19 Compliance to protocols under LRTAP Convention. 2/03:5 Emissions. NOx abatement. 4/03:16 PM10 emissions. 2/05:15 NOx emissions. 1/06:16 CLRTAP implementation failures. 1/07:7 NOx emission charge introduced. 1/08:20-21 CLRTAP implementation failures. 24 Aims to go carbon neutral. 3/08:18 Carbon capture and storage (CCS). 1/10: 1,3 Cutting NOx emissions – the Norwegian way. 3/10: 8 CCS in Norway: postponed.

Poland

3/01:14 Black Triangle. 1/02:8-9 Energy and emissions. 4/03:20 OECD Environmental performance review. 2/04:16-17 Belchatow. 1/10: 9 Touch stance of air quality derogations.

Portugal

2/02:7 Environmental performance (OECD review). 1/03:24 CO2 emissions increasing.

Russia

2/01:19 Kola peninsula. 3/02:5 Ratification of the Kyoto protocol. 1/03:22-23 Kola peninsula. 4/05:9 Emission standards for cars.

Slovakia
4/10: 13 In Slovakia, coal means jobs first.

Slovenia
4/10: 14 Slovenia: propping up the lignite industry.

Spain

4/02:18-19 Compliance to protocols under LRTAP Convention. 3/04:1, 3. Large combustion plants. 4/04:6 Implementation of EU legislation on LCPs. 7 Environmental performance reviewed (OECD). 1/05:18 Rising emissions of greenhouse gases. 2/05:1, 3-4 Limits for particles exceeded. 3/05:22 Energy efficiency plan. Renewable energy plan. 4/05:21 Large combustion plants. IEA review. 1/06:16 CLRTAP implementation failures. 4/06:7 Solar heating. 3/07:11 NEC caps for NO2 and VOCs will be exceeded. 1/08:5 LCP plan. 1/08:20-21 CLRTAP implementation failures.1/09: 22 Greece and Spain still defaulting.

Sweden

1/01:22 Recovery from acidification. 2/01:15 Particles. 1/02:14-15 Energy taxes. 3/02:16-17 Damage from pollution underestimated. 23 Endangered antiquities. 4/02:1,4 Differentiated shipping dues. 6 VOC emissions from refineries underestimated. 18-19 Compliance to protocols under LRTAP Convention. 3/03:15 Health effects of ozone underestimated. 4/04:15 Vehicle taxation. 2/05:1, 3-4 Limits for particles exceeded. 5 Particles and health. 6 Vehicle exhaust—heart attacks (Stockholm). 14 Congestion charging (Stockholm). 4/05:15 Forest flora--nitrogen. 1/06:10 Congestion charging (Stockholm). 2/06:8 Ditto. 19 Green cars. 3/06:18-19 Ferries must install exhaust cleaning (Sweden). 3/07:16-17 Congestion charging re-introduced (Stockholm). 4/07:5 Emissions trading for ships criticized. 2/09: Tax exemption for shore power in Sweden for ships. 12 Particles cost billions in health damage. 4/09: Congestion tax improved air quality and health. 2/10: 5 Commission take action on air quality failures.

Switzerland

1/01:17 Road charges for heavy vehicles. 2/05:15 Kilometre taxes. 2/06:8 Ditto. 3/08:7 Ditto.


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Ukraine
4/10: 15 Urkaine: Coal is dirty and expensive Soviet relic.


United Kingdom (UK)

2/01:15 Particles (England and Wales). 22 Offshore windpower. 3/01:19 Congestion charging (London). 2/02:8-10 Signs of recovery from acidification. 10 Decreasing emissions.3/02:11 Compliance to EU LCP protocol. 2/03:10 Congestion charging (London). 15 The Great London Smog (health effects). 3/03:23 Aircraft emissions increasing. 24 "Carbon dinosaurs." 4/03:8 Road pricing. Congestion charging (London). 9 Aviation charges. 21 OECD Environmental performance review. 20-21 Sulphur emissions from power sector.1/05:20-21 Major benefits from cleaner air (AEA study). 2/05:12 Cheaper driving. 14 Congestion charging (Edinburgh, London). 3/06:20 Urgent action needed on climate change. 21 Personal carbon allowances proposed. 1/07:5 Climate targets into law. 2/07:23 London low-emissions zone. 3/07:17 Congestion charging (London). 3/08:8 Road pricing Manchester. 23 Climate policy. 4/08:8 Commitment to cut GHG emissions by 80 per cent. 4/09: 1,12-13 Welcome to the world at +4 degrees. 1/10: 9 Touch stance of air quality derogations. 2/10: 12-13 NOx sources in the UK: the story behind the figures. 14 British power plants pollute Dutch rural areas. 1/11: 12 Air pollution in the UK linked to 200,000 deaths.

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USA

1/01:1,4 Particles from LCPs—health effects. 3/01:7 Gains from greenhouse-gas abatement. 13 NOx from LCPs. 13 Diesel particles—health. 1/02:13 Air pollution—birth defects (Calif.). 2/02:18-19 Clear Skies Initiative. 19 Cleaner diesel trucks. Large polluters listed. 21 Emissions and health. 3/02:10 Air pollution in ports (Calif.). 15 Standards for CO2 emissions from cars (Calif.). 20-21 Clear Skies Initiative vs Clean Power Act. 21 Air pollution and health. 4/02:17 Emissions trading. 1/03:10 CO2 trading scheme proposed. 15 Power-sector emissions compared. 21 Relaxed requirements for old plants. Bush again criticized. 2/03:5 "Toothless" shipping requirements. 19 Stricter standards for non-road diesels proposed. 3/03:18 Non-road vehicle emissions. 22 CO2 from transportation can be reduced. 4/03:17 New source review programme. 1/04:3 Guide to green cars. 21 Clean air legislation profitable (US). 2/04:7 Hydrogen economy a long way off. 22-23 Emissions trading—marketing failure (Opinion). 3/04:7 Shore-side electricity. 7 Low-sulphur fuels (Calif.). 8 Dirty air, dirty power. 19 CO2 from vehicles (Calif.). 4/04:15 Ditto. 16 Health effects (Calif.). 1/05:11 CO2 from cars (Calif.). 22 Mercury emissions. 2/05:6 Diesel exhausts—health effects. 10 Large combustion plants. 3/05:22 Stronger PM2.5 standards recommended. 1/06:7 Weak new PM2.5 standards proposed. 20 Regional CO2 trading. 21 Emissions of greehouse gases. 2/06:15-17 Non-road engines and fuels. 3/06:9 New PM standards approved. 19 Legal action on global warming (Calif.). 4/06:7 Stricter emission requirements in port (Calif.). 11 Stricter fuel standards (Calif.). 17 New rules for ships and locomotives (US). 2/07:22 Cleaner cars. 3/07:17 Congestion charging (New York). 1/08:13 Port electrification (Calif.). 23 Acid emissions decreasing. 2/08:18 Ozone - premature deaths. 19 Air quality. 2/09: 1,4-5 Cleaner ship fuels to save American lives. 7 California demands cleaner ship fuels. 20 California adopts low-carbon fuel standard. 20 Obama sets limits on car CO2 emissions. 3/09: 8 US to cut CO2 from cars and light-duty trucks. 19 North American shipping ECA met by approval. 4/09: 19 New US ship rules ban high sulphur fuel. 22 Toxic fish in lakes across 47 states. 22 New sulphur dioxide standard proposed.  23 Carbon emissions in the US up 19% since 1990. 1/10: 10-11 Great health benefits from new US air quality legislation. 20 US cracks down on ship emissions. 23 Asian emissions increase ozone over North America.  2/10: 10 First ever greenhouse gas emission standards for US vehicles 15 North American ship pollution will be curbed. 1/11: 13 Air pollution control saved 160,000 lives.

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Subject index

Actions/NGO activities

1/01:24 The Bet. 4/01:20 Ditto. 2/06:23 Mail campaign "Stop lignite mining".

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Air quality

See health effects.


Ammonia

See Nitrogen pollution.

Biodiversity

1/01:22 Recovery from acidification (Sweden). 19 Peat burning (Ireland). 2/02:8-10 Signs of recovery from acidification (UK). 1/04:22-23 Global warming and biodiversity. 2/04:18-19 Rain forests. Arctic environment. 20-21 Coral reefs (Australia). 3/04:10 Climate effects in the oceans. 4/04:23 Arctic changes. Antarctic changes. 3/05:20 Global warming effects (Exeter meeting). 4/05:10 Climate change effects (plants, fish and migratory species). 15 Nitrogen—forest flora. 1/06:19 Climate change effects (Europe). 3/06:17 Nitrogen emissions threaten biodiversity. 2/08:13-15 Nitrogen a major driver to biodiversity loss. 21 Warming could hit tropical wildlife hardest.

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Climate change

1/01:4 Climate convention (COP6). 6-7 IPCC third assessment report (WG I). 7 Carbon-cycle feedbacks. 8 CO2 from ships. 9 EU Kyoto commitments. 20 health effects. 21 Ancillary effects. 24 The Bet. 2/01:16 Cost of reducing greenhouse gas emissions (EU). 18-19 IPCC third assessment report (WG II). 19 EU emissions. 3/01:6-7 Kyoto protocol (Bonn meeting). 7 Gains from abatement (US). 24 Potential for reductions (EU). 4/01:1,4-5 Integrated assessment of environmental policy. 7 Proposals for directives and action (EU). 12 Kyoto protocol (COP7). 16-17 Long-term effects. 19 Peat burning (Ireland). 20 The Bet. 2/02:1,4-6 The quest for equity. 20 Forests as carbon sinks. 21 Natural disasters increasing. 24 Canada and the Kyoto protocol. 3/02:1,3-4 Energy use—CO2 emissions (EU). 2 Ditto (Editorial). 4 Emissions trading directive (EU). Less CO2 from new cars (EU). 5 Russia and the Kyoto protocol. 15 Standards for CO2 emissions from cars (Calif.). 24 Two years to save the world. 4/02:11-14 Fact sheet: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 16 New German policy. 1/03:6 CO2 from new cars (EU). 10 Emissions trading (EU, USA). 11-14 Fact sheet: The Kyoto Protocol. 15 Power-sector emissions compared (US - EU). 20 EU greenhouse-gas emissions. 2/03:15 Flexible mechanisms (Denmark, Netherlands). 20-21 Beyond Kyoto (IEA study). 21 Links air pollution - climate change. 24 A 60-per-cent reduction in CO2 emissions requested (EU). 3/03:1,4-5 Europe 2100 - a warmer world. 3 Greenhouse-gas emissions in the EU. 5 Global CO2 emissions tending to rise. 9 CO2 emissions trading (EU). 10 CO2 emissions from European power sector can be halved (WWF study). 19 Directive proposed for fluorinated gases (EU). 4/03:1,3-4 Phase out of coal. 5 Peat. German power sector. Subsidies. 9 Heat and health. 1/04:8 CO2 from new cars (EU). 9 Target for renewables 2020 (EU). Energy efficiency directive proposed (EU). 10 Linking directive (EU). 11-14 Fact sheet: EU targets, strategies and legislation. 15 Climate convention (COP9). 16-17 EU emission projections. 17 Most new EU members well below target. 18-20 Ancillary benefits from CO2 reductions (Europe). Ditto (Netherlands). 21 Disappearing ice masses worldwide. 22-23 Warming and biodiversity. 2/04:5 CO2 from cars (EU). 6 F-gases directive (EU). 7 Time to take the next step now. Hydrogen economy a long way off. 8-9 The largest point sources in EU15 (EPER register). 15 Unexpected effects, the Gulf Stream. 18 Power sector emissions. 18-19 Rain forests. Arctic environment. 20-21 Coral reefs (Australia). 3/04:10 Ice-melting (Greenland). Threat to marine biodiversity. Health effects (US). Ambitious French targets. 17 Emissions of greenhouse gases (EU). Signs of climate change discernible (EU). CO2 trading (EU). 18 CO2 emissions trading (EU). 19 Vehicle standards (Calif.). 24 The day after tomorrow. 4/04:8 Fluorinated gases (EU). 12 Climate policy post-Kyoto (EU). 13 EU CO2 emissions trading. Russian Kyoto ratification. 15 Vehicle standards (Calif.). 22 Forest damage (Europe). 23 Sharp rise in CO2. Arctic changes. Antarctic changes. 1/05:10-11 CO2 from cars (EU, Calif., China). 14-16 German lignite policy. 18 EU must do more. Rising Spanish emissions. Trading update. No progress at COP 10. 19 No new targets proposed (EU). 2/05:12 Trading and national allocation plans (EU). German lignite use. 13 New targets adopted (EU). F-gases evaluated (IPCC). 3/05:5 All NAPs approved (EU). 8 EU emissions 2003. 9-10 Future emissions (EU). 10 CO2 from cars (EU). 20 Effects (Exeter meeting). Post-Kyoto negotiations. British NGOs. Hotter cities (WWF). Mediterranean tourism (WWF). 4/05:8 Second European Climate Change Programme launched (EU). F-gases in air conditioning (EU). 9 Hurricanes more numerous. 10 Biodiversity effects. 20 Carbon capture and storage (IPCC). 22-23 Low-CO2 scenarios for the EU (Greenpeace, WWF). 1/06:17 CO2 trading (EU). 19 Effects in Europe. 20 Montreal conference (COP11). EU commitment within reach. Ranking. Regional initiative (US). 21 Global emissions of greenhouse gases 1990-2003. 2/06:9 CO2 from new cars (EU). 10 Green cars (Sweden). 20 Risks and options (new book). 21 Climate change beyond 2100 (Tyndall Centre). 22 Biofuels (EU). 3/06:1, 4-5 Ancillary benefits of climate policy (EU). 19 Legal action (Calif.). 20 Urgent action needed (UK). 21 Personal carbon allowances proposed (UK). Year 2006 hottest in 12 000 years. 4/06:9 Car industry fails to meet EU CO2 target. 10-11 Cost of inaction enormous (Stern report). 12-13 EU compliance to Kyoto commitment. 14-15 Slow progress at Nairobi meeting. 1/07:1,4-5 New climate and renewable targets adopted (EU). 3 CO2 from cars (EU). 13-15 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report. 19 Global energy strategy (EREC, Greenpeace). 2/07:8-9 Dirty Thirty (Europe). 14-15 Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability (IPCC 4th assessment report). 16-17 It is possible to stop global warming (IPCC 4th assessment report). 20-21 Carbon capture and storage (CCS). 3/07:1, 4-5 Multiple benefits of low-carbon policy (EU). 11 Slight decrease in EU emissions. 13 Germany aims for 40% cut. 20 CO2 from new cars (worldwide). 21 Ditto (EU). 21 Fuel decarbonization (EU). 23 Biofuels criticized. 24 Vienna climate talks (climate convention). 4/07:6-7 Massive GHG emission reductions needed. 8 IPCC Synthesis Report. 4/07 Anniversary section:14-15 Climate issue hotter than ever. 1/08:6-8 EU climate and energy proposal. 18-19 Lignite - expensive and unsustainable (Germany). 24 Road map agreed on Bali (UN climate convention). 2/08:16 Climate impact of agriculture. 17 Plug-in cars. 20 Target level should be 350 ppm (Hansen). 21 Could hit tropical wildlife hardest. 3/08:13 EU emissions. 14-15 Climate and energy proposal (EU). 16-17 Fuel-efficient cars (EU). Carbon capture and storage (CCS). 19-20 Shipping (IMO). 22 Call for tougher targets. 23 Germany. United Kingdom.  4/08:4 Climate policy  - air quality (NL). 8 Commitment to cut emissions by 80 per cent (UK). 9 A sustainable world energy outlook (Greenpeace, EREC). 12 Climate change gathers pace faster than expected. 13 EU emissions. 14 Economic incentives in transport sector (Nordic countries). 20-21 Time for fair climate agreement. 22-23 Eat less meat! 1/09: 6-9 EU climate package – strong structure, weak numbers. 9 EU’s road to Copenhagen. 10 Carbon limit proposed for large power plants in EU.11 One per cent of GDP will save the climate. 16-17 Coal-fired power plants still heavy polluters. 18-19: Ocean acidification – the other CO2 problem. 21 Road transport has biggest impact on global warming. 21 Soot reduction may help slow global warming. 2/09: 3 The double benefits of climate policy. 8 Shipping would profit by cutting CO2 emissions.  9 Greenhouse gas emissions for rich countries still increasing. 13 Transport emissions still on the increase. 17 Top of the EU dirty thirty list. 20 California adopts low-carbon fuel standard. 20 Obama sets limits on car CO2 emissions. 3/09: 1,3-5: Most rich Kyoto countries off track. 2: Editorial – Transport and climate. 6-7 Island states demand 95 per cent emission cuts. 8 US to cut CO2 from cars and light-duty trucks. 9 Carbon dioxide cuts divide market. 11-16 Factsheet: High noon for 2 degrees. 18 Shipping climate policy continues to drift. 4/09: 1,12-13 Welcome to the world at +4 degrees. 2 Editorial: checklist for Copenhagen. 6 Reducing air pollution mitigates climate change. 7 It’s not only about CO2. 7 Strict global carbon budget needed.  8-9 Boreal forest dieback may cause runaway warming. 10-11 ‘The most destructive project on earth’: the tar sands. 11: Pledged reductions are not enough. 12-13: Climate change impacts coming faster and sooner. 23 Carbon emissions in the US up 19% since 1990. 1/10: 12-13 Greenhouse gas reductions will benefit human health.  14 Copenhagen failure on shipping and aviation. 15 IMO urged to take action on black carbon emissions. 20-21 Rapid action to abate methane needed. 22 Air quality benefits of climate policy. 2/10: 11 Higher pressure on Canadian oil sands. 11 The poor legacy of Copenhagen. 3/10: 10-11 1.5° is though, but doable. 12 CAN supports 1.5°. 1/11: 1,3-4 The remaining carbon budget. Carbon dioxide controls Earths's temperature. 1/11: 10 Negotiating forests in the Climate Convention. 2/11 16-17 EU voting on new climate target for 2020.

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Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution 3/01:22 VOC protocol evaluated. 1/02:1,4-5 Ditto. 2 Editorial. 3/02:6-7 Second sulphur protocol evaluated. 4/02:18-19 Evaluation of compliance to protocols. 3/03:11-14 Fact sheet on the LRTAP Convention. 4/03:2 Implementation of protocols (Editorial). 3/04:2 25th anniversary (Editorial). 4/04:9 Implementation failures. 2/05:15 Gothenburg Protocol into force. 1/06:16 Implementation failures. 1/07:22 Ratifications on the way (Balkans). 1/08:20-21 Implementation failures. 1/09: 12-14 European ecosystem sensitivity mapped. 22 Greece and Spain still defaulting. 3/09: 23 Pollution treaty to be revised. 4/09: 6 Reducing air pollution mitigates climate change. 14-15 Shipping emissions up – land-based slightly down. 1/10: 6-8 Air pollution abatement – success and failures of CLRTAP. 3/10: 14-15 New emission ceilings for 2020 underway. 1/11: 14-15 Ongoing negotiations for new emission ceilings. 2/11:10-11 Cut mercury from coal 2/11: 1,3-4 Negotiaating new air pollutant ceilings.

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Corrosion / Damage to cultural heritage

3/02:Endangered antiquities (Sweden). 

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Critical loads/levels

3/01:General (Editorial). 4/01:12-13 Mapping, Europe. 2/02:8-10 Signs of recovery (UK). 3/02:16-17 Damaged area underestimated (Sweden). 22-23 Ozone, damage to crops (Europe). 4/03:16 Heavy metals. 4/04:17-18 Damaged area underestimated (Europe). 18-19 Mapping (Europe). 4/05:15 Nitrogen in boreal forests. 4/07 Anniversary section:12-13 Acidification and eutrophication trends and forecasts 1980-2020. 1/09: 12-14 European ecosystem sensitivity mapped.

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East-west cooperation

1/03:22-23 Kola Peninsula.

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Economic instruments

2/01:16 Cost of reducing greenhouse gas emissions (EU). 16-17 Cost of reducing emissions of SO2 (India, China). 3/01:7 US greenhouse gases. 10 External costs of power generation (EU). 11 Coal subsidies (EU). Environmental taxes (EU). 18 Road pricing (Netherlands). 19 Ditto (Germany). Congestion charging (London). 4/01:7 Emissions trading for CO2 (EU). 10-11 Benefits from EU enlargement. 1/02:14-15 Effective energy taxation (Sweden). 2/02:17 EU energy tax. 3/02:24 Two years to save the world (climate change). 4/02:1,4 Differentiated emission charges for shipping (Sweden). 5 Aviation—external costs. Emissions trading for CO2 (EU). 8-9 Emissions trading for ships proposed. 15 Pricing external costs (EU ExternE project). 4/02:17 Emissions trading (USA). 1/03:9 Tax for mopeds proposed (Denmark). 10 CO2 emissions trading (EU, USA). 18-19 Taxation of transportation (EU). 2/03:7 Common energy taxes decided (EU). 10 Congestion charging (London). 3/03: 9 CO2 emissions trading (EU). 4/03:8 Congestion charging London. Road pricing (UK, Germany). 9 Aviation. 16 European Investment Bank criticized. 1/04:2 It should pay (Editorial). 6-7 Economic instruments at sea (EU). 15 Costs of climate change. 21 Clean air legislation profitable (US). 2/04:2 For or against trading? (Editorial). 22-23 Emissions trading—marketing failure (Opinion). 3/04:8 Green public purchasing. 9 Energy subsidies (EU). 18 CO2 emissions trading (EU). 1/05:1,3 Sulphur in marine fuels (CBA analysis). 8-9 CAFE programme (CBA analysis). 11 Kilometre taxes (Germany, EU).  20-21 Cleaner air gives major benefits (CBA analysis). 2/05:9 CAFE programme (CBA analysis). 12 CO2 trading (EU). 14-15 Agreement on kilometre taxes (EU). 14 Congestion charging. 19 Car use subsidized (ICLEI study). 4/05:19 Shipping and economic instruments (EU). 1/06:10 Congestion charging (Stockholm). Kilometre taxes (EU). 17 CO2 trading (EU). 20 Economic gains from air pollution policy. Regional CO2 trading (US). 2/06:8 Congestion charging (Stockholm). Kilometre taxes (Switzerland, Germany). 3/06:1, 4-5 Ancillary benefits of climate policy (EU). 14-15 Compliance costs often exaggerated (EU). 4/06:10-11 Cost of inaction on climate change (Stern report). 1/07:7 NOx emission charge introduced (Norway). 11 Aviation to join emissions trading scheme (EU). 2/07:3 External costs for power production. 19 EU green paper on market-based instruments. 3/07:14 Particles from wood burning. 4/07:5 Emissions trading for ships criticized. Economic instruments in shipping sector. 1/08:7 EU emissions trading system. 2/08:5 Shipping external costs. 3/08:6-7 Road charging proposal (EU). 8 Road pricing Manchester, Copenhagen. 4/08:14 Economic incentives in transport sector (Nordic countries). 1/09: 11 One per cent of GDP will save the climate. 1/10: 1,3 Cutting NOx emissions – the Norwegian way. 22 Air quality benefits of climate policy.

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Energy efficiency

2/01:6-7 Energy intelligent Europe. 7 Action plan (EU). Buildings (Germany). 22-23 Ecodriving. 4/02:5 EU buildings directive. 2/03:6 Insulation (EU). 22 Appliances (IEA study). 3/03:16-18 Fuel cell cars. 1/04:9 Directive proposed (EU). 2/04:24 Energy costs 1973-2003 (IEA study). 4/04:13 EU needs to raise ambitions. 3/05:16 EU green paper. 17 No mandatory targets (EU). Ecodesign directive (EU). 22-23 Low-CO2 scenarios for the EU (Greenpeace, WWF). 1/06:6 No binding EU targets. 3/06:20 Profitable insulation. 4/06:18 EU plan unveiled. 3/07:1, 4-5 Multiple benefits of low-carbon policy (EU). 15 Huge potential. 1/11: 18-19 How to cut global energy use by three quarters.

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EU legislation

See European Union in the regional index.

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Forest damage

4/01:18 European forest survey, 2000. 3/02:14-15 Ditto, 2001. 4/03:15 Ditto, 2002. 4/04:22 Ditto, 2003. 4/05:15 Twenty years of monitoring. 2004 results. 1/09: 12-14 European ecosystem sensitivity mapped. 4/09: 8-9 Boreal forest dieback may cause runaway warming. 1/11: 10 Negotiating forests in the Climate Convention

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Health effects

1/01:1,4 LCPs—particles (USA). 20 Benefits from climate strategy. Particles. 2/01:11-14 Fact sheet: Air pollution and health. 15 Particles (Sweden, UK). 3/01:13 Diesel particles (US). 4/01:3 Ozone concentrations 2001 (EU). 6 Clean Air for Europe Programme (EU). 7 PAH emissions. 11 Air-quality directive on ozone agreed (EU). 1/02:7 Ditto. 9 Anti-smog plan (Italy). 13 Air pollution—birth defects (Calif.). 2/02:20 Small particles—lung cancer. 21 Premature deaths from power plant emissions (US). 3/02:21 Effects (US). 4/02:10 Particles—death rates (APHEIS programme). Coal ban—better health (Dublin). 2/03:15 The Great London Smog 1952. 19 Long-term ozone exposure. 22 Particles (Netherlands). 3/03:15 Effects of ozone underestimated (Sweden). 19 No binding limits proposed for PAH and heavy metals (EU). 24 NOx and asthma attacks. 4/03:8-9 Ground-level ozone in Europe 2003. 9 Heatwave and health. 10 Local pollution from shipping (Denmark). 1/04:9 Standards for PAH and heavy metals (EU). 2/04:5 Ditto. 3/04:8-9 Budapest Conference (WHO). 8 Dirty air, dirty power (US). 10 Warmer climate - higher levels of ozone (US). 4/04:16 Air pollution—lung damage (Calif.). 2/05:1, 3-4 Limits for particles exceeded (EU). 5 Particles and health (WHO). Ditto (Swedish study). 6 Diesel exhausts (US). Vehicle exhaust - heart attacks (Stockholm). 3/05:23 EU ozone levels 2003. 22 Stronger PM2.5 standards recommended (US EPA). 4/05:4-5 4-5 New air quality directive proposed (EU). 5 Particles and health. 6 PM10 in European cities. 1/06:1,4-5 Health effects of emissions from large point sources. 2 Editorial. 7 Weak new PM2.5 standards (USA). Unambitious proposal deplored (EU). EEA report. 2/06:1,4-5 New WHO air quality guidelines. 2 Time to improve health protection (Editorial). 5 Fine particles. 11-14 Fact sheet: Particles. 3/06:1, 4-5 Ancillary benefits of climate policy. 6-8 EU air quality directive. 9 New PM standards approved (US). 10 High levels of ground-level ozone (EU). 4/06:8 EU ministers agree on air quality directive compromise. 1/07:23 Lungs. Heart. 2/07:3 External costs for power production. 3/07:5 Parliament weak on air quality directive. 14 Particles from wood burning. 4/07:1, 3 Ship emissions causing 64,000 deaths a year. 4 Shipping (NL). 8 High concentrations despite drop in emissions. 1/08:16 New air quality directive agreed (EU). 17 Air quality in Europe. 24 Particles from wood burning. 2/08:1, 6-7 Beneficial to cut pollution from LCPs. 18 Ozone - premature deaths. 19 Diesel fumes. US air quality. 22 Warming affects air quality. 3/08:10-11 EU legislation. 4/08:1,3 EU climate policy improves health. 4 Climate policy  - air quality (NL). 1/09: 15 Asian brown cloud affects food safety for billions. 2/09: 3 The double benefits of climate policy. 6 Ships pollute half as much as world’s cars. 10-11 Small but dangerous – new facts on particles. 12 Particles cost billions in health damage. 22 Ship pollution costs billions. 3/09: Cutting ship fuel sulphur may save 45,000 lives. 4/09: 20 Coal pollution undermines health. 22 New sulphur dioxide standard proposed in US. 1/10: 2 Editorial: clean the air. 10-11 Great health benefits from new US air quality legislation. 12-13 Greenhouse gas reductions will benefit human health. 17 Ozone pollution could kill millions. 22 Air quality benefits of climate policy. 2/10: 1,4-5 Particles killing half a million. 1/11: 12 Air pollution in the UK linked to 200,000 deaths. 13 Air pollution control saved 160,00 lives. 2/11: 14-15 Air quality measures with climate benefits.

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Oceans and lakes

1/01:22 Recovery from lake acidification (Sweden). 1/09: 18-19: Ocean acidification – the other CO2 problem. 4/09: 22 Toxic fish in lakes across 47 states. 2/10: 11 Ocean Acidification faster than ever.

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Large combustion plants (LCPs)

1/01:1,4 Particles—health effects (USA). 12 LCP directive (EU). 14-16 Best available techniques (IPPC directive, EU). 1,3-5 EU directive. 8-9 Ditto. 3/01:1,4-5 Ditto. 13 US NOx standards. 14 Black Triangle. 15 German emissions 1990-2000. 1/02:5 EU directive adopted. 2/02:20 US polluters listed. 3/02:11 Benefits from compliance to EU directive (UK). 1/03:22-23 Kola Peninsula. 2/03:16-17 Maritsa-East (Bulgaria). 3/03:10 CO2 emissions from European power sector can be halved (WWF study). 24 "Carbon dinosaurs." 4/03:1,3-4 Coal in Europe. 17 New source review programme (US). 2/04:8-9 The largest point sources in EU15 (EPER register). 16-17 Belchatow (Poland). 18 CO2 emissions from power sector. 3/04:1,3 Large point sources in Spain. 20-21 Sulphur emissions from power sector (UK). 4/04:1,3-5 Best and worst combustion plants (Europe). 2 Shipping emissions (Editorial). 4/04:6 Implementation of EU LCP directive (Spain). 1/05:12-13 EU BREF document adopted. 2/05:10 Dirty kilowatts (US). 3/05:4 EU LCP directive revision. 4/05:21 Dirty thirty (WWF). 22 Spain. 1/06:1,4-5 Health effects of emissions from large point sources. 2 Editorial. 6 EU EPER to be expanded. 8-9 Voluntary agreements (Denmark). 2/06:18-19 Review of IPPC Directive (EU). 4/06:14 EPER register updated (EU). 1/07:20-21 Coal-fired plants worst point sources (new EPER data). 2/07:3 External costs for power production. 2/07:8-9 Dirty Thirty. 1/08:11 Revision of EU directive. 2/08:1, 6-7 Beneficial to cut pollution. 8 High potential to reduce emissions (EEA report). 3/08:12 BAT threatened (IPPC, LCP). 2/10: 14 British power plants pollute Dutch rural areas. 3/10:3 Europe's worst polluters: still a lot of work to do

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Nitrogen pollution

2/01:20 Ammonia (Netherlands). 3/01:5 Ammonia emissions. 4/01:16-17 Long-term effects. 1/02:10-11 Ammonia emissions from non-agricultural sources. 4/05:15 Boreal forests (critical loads). 1/06:22 Baltic Sea. 3/06:17 Nitrogen emissions threaten biodiversity. 3/07:15 Ammonia emissions (Denmark). 2/08:13-15 Major driver to biodiversity loss. 4/08:22-23 Eat less meat! 4/09: 14-15 Shipping emissions up – land-based slightly down. 16-17 Make ships pay for the NOx emissions. 2/10: 12-13 NOx sources in the UK: the story behind the figures. 22 Too much NOx from trucks. 1/10: 1,3 Cutting NOx emissions – the Norwegian way. 2/11: 23 Call for new approach to nitrogen management.

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Ozone (ground-level)

1/01:3 EU concentrations 1999-2000. 12 Air-quality standards (EU). 3/01:9 EU air-quality directive. 4/01:3 EU concentrations 2001. 11 Air-quality directive agreed (EU). 1/02:7 Ditto. 3/02:22-23 Damage to crops (Europe). 4/02:22 EU concentrations 2002. 2/03:18-19 Background levels increasing. 19 Health effects. 3/03:15 Health effects underestimated (Sweden). 4/03:8-9 European concentrations 2003. 3/05:23 EU ozone levels 2004. 3/06:4 EU ozone levels 2005. 4/07:9 Ozone and crops. 2/08:19 EU ozone levels 2007. 4/08:16-17 A growing threat. 3/09: 22 Still high ozone levels despite less air pollution. 1/10: 17 Ozone pollution could kill millions. 23 Asian emissions increase ozone over North America. 2/10: 8-9 Ozone, plants and climate – views and news. 23 All-time low in European ozone levels. 4/10: 18-19 Intercontinental transport of air pollutants

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Renewable energy

2/01:22 Windpower (General, UK). 24 Potential worldwide (UNEP report). 3/01:15 Windpower (Germany). 1/02:6-7 Status and targets (EU). 8 Funding stopped (Denmark). Windpower (Germany). 11 Windpower (worldwide). Ditto (Ireland). 2/02:21 Solar energy. 1/03:7 Biofuels (EU). 2/03:6 Windpower (EU, global). 1/04:9 EU targets for 2020. 2/04:10 Windpower. 18 EU targets 2010. 3/04:22 Future targets (EU). Renewables 2004 conference. 2/05:11 Renewable heating (EU). Biofuels (EU). Windpower (worldwide). Solar cells (ditto). 23 Vision 2050 (Inforse). Wavepower. 3/05:11-14 Fact sheet: Renewable energy in the European Union. 17 Biomass and heating (EU). 4/05:20 Strong market growth (global). Targets (EU, China). 22-23 Low-CO2 scenarios for the EU (Greenpeace, WWF). 1/06:15 Biomass action plan (EU). 4/06:7 Solar heating (Spain). 1/07:1,4-5 New climate and renewable targets adopted (EU). 1/08:5 European windpower installations 2007. 1/09: 17 Wind now leads EU power sector. 1/10: 4-5 Renewable energy can power the world by 2030. 16-17 Supergrid paves the way for wind power expansion. 18 Solar power from Sahara for fossil-free Europe 2/10: 6-7 Roadmap for 2050 offers low-carbon Europe for free. 16-17 A WWF prescription for greening Germany.  20-21 Forty per cent carbon cuts with smaller scale tech.1/09: 17 Wind now leads EU power sector. 1/10: 4-5 Renewable energy can power the world by 2030. 16-17 Supergrid paves the way for wind power expansion. 18 Solar power from Sahara for fossil-free Europe 2/10: 6-7 Roadmap for 2050 offers low-carbon Europe for free. 16-17 A WWF prescription for greening Germany.  20-21 Forty per cent carbon cuts with smaller scale tech. 3/10 6-7 Renewable industry says - we can power the EU! 1/11: 16-17,19 100 per cent renewable energy globally by 2050. 2/11: 18-19 IPPC: Huge potential for renewable energy.

 

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Transportation (general, aircraft, shipping)

GENERAL
1/01:11 Small petrol engines (EU directive). 11-12 Motorcycles (EU directive). 16 Kilometre tax for heavy vehicles (EU). 17 Ditto (Switzerland). 19 Cleaning equipment for existing heavy vehicles. 2/01:10 Sulphur in motor fuels (EU). 17 Particle emissions: petrol vs diesel. Motorcycle standards (EU). 22-23 Ecodriving.3/01:10 Small petrol engines (EU directive). 11 CO2 from cars (EU). 13 Diesel particles and health (US). 16-17 Environmentally sustainable transportation (OECD). 18 Road pricing (Netherlands). 19 Ditto (Germany). Congestion charging (London). Urban sprawl. 1/02:3 Sulphur in road fuels (EU). 6 Motorcycles (EU). 9 Anti-smog plan (Italy). 12-13 Biofuel directives proposed (EU). 16-17 Trucks and ships compared. 19 Catalyzer for diesel cars (Toyota). 2/02:8 Motorcycles (EU). 22-23 Global motor vehicle policy (Bellagio memorandum). 3/02:4 Less CO2 from new cars (EU). Sulphur-free fuels (EU). Biofuels (EU). 15 Standards for CO2 from cars (Calif.). 4/02:5 Non-road machinery standards decided (EU).1/03:6 CO2 from new cars (EU). 7 Biofuels (EU). Sulphur-free fuels decided (EU). 8 Non-road mobile machinery (EU). 9 Mopeds (Denmark). 16-17 Development in transportation sector (EU, accession countries; TERM 2002). 18-19 Taxation of transportation (EU). 19 Kilometre tax for heavy vehicles (Austria, Germany). 2/03:6 Non-road petrol engines (EU). 7 Biofuels (EU). Sulphur-free fuels (EU). 8-9 Stricter diesel standards in the offing (EU). 9 NOx from trucks (Germany). 10 Congestion charging (London). 15 Air conditioners in cars. 19 Stricter non-road diesel standards proposed (USA). 3/03:16-18 Fuel cell cars. 18 Non-road vehicle emissions. 19 Biofuel directive into force (EU). 21 EU kilometre tax for heavy vehicles (Eurovignette). 21 German road-user charge postponed. 22 CO2 from transportation can be reduced (USA). 4/03:8 Congestion charging (London). Road pricing (UK, Germany). 16 Non-road diesel standards (EU). 18-19 New EU standards for diesel-driven road vehicles (UBA proposal). 1/04:3 Guide to green cars. Worldwide aligned emission standards. 8 CO2 from new cars (EU). 2/04:5 CO2 from cars (EU). Eurovignette directive (EU). 6 Linking directive adopted (EU). 7 Hydrogen economy a long way off. 19 Lorry charging (Germany). Particle filters subsidized (Germany). 3/04: 11-14 Fact sheet: Emission standards for light and heavy road vehicles. 19 CO2 from vehicles (Calif.). Particle filters subsidized (Germany). 4/04: Road pricing back on Dutch agenda. 14 Air pollution from cars understated (TERM 2004). No agreement on kilometre taxes (EU). 15 Future emission standards for cars (EU). CO2 from vehicles (Calif.). Particle filters (Austria). Taxation (Sweden). 1/05:10-11 CO2 from cars (EU). 11 Ditto (Calif., China). 11 Kilometre taxes (Germany, EU). 17 Particle filters for diesel cars (EU, Germany). 2/05:10 CARS 21. CO2 from cars. 11 Biofuels (EU). 12 Cheaper driving (UK). Tractor emission limits into force (EU). 14-15 Agreement on kilometre taxes (EU). 14 Congestion charging (Stockholm, Edinburgh, London). 19 Car use subsidized (ICLEI study). 3/05:1,3 Euro 5 pre-proposal for passenger cars (EU). 4 SCR for diesel cars. 5 Vehicle taxes (EU). 7 Biofuels directive (EU). 4/05:8 HFC in air conditioning (EU). Dutch speed limits. 1/06:3 Euro 5 proposal. Public spending for EEVs. Clean diesel cars. 10 Congestion charging (Stockholm). CARS21 (EU). Kilometre taxes (EU). 2/06:8 Congestion charging (Stockholm). Heavy hybrid vehicles. Kilometre taxes. Cycle beating. 9 CO2 from new cars (EU). Euro 5 standards for cars (EU). 10 Green cars (Sweden). 15-17 Non-road engines and fuels worldwide. 22 Still a negative trend (EU). Biofuels (EU). 3/06:3 Emissions from different fuels. 15 High roadside levels of NO2 (UK). 22 Euro 5 standards for cars (EU). 4/06:9 Car industry fails to meet CO2 target (EU). 1/07:3 CO2 from cars (EU). 8-9 EU transport policy (TERM 2006). 10-11 Stricter fuel standards proposed (EU; Calif.). 12 Euro 5 and 6 standards for cars adopted (EU). 17 New rules for ships and locomotives (US). 2/07:22 Cleaner cars (USA). 23 London low emissions zone. 3/07:12-13 Consultation on Euro VI standards for HDVs. 17 Congestion charging (Stockholm, London, NY). 20 CO2 from new cars (worldwide). 21 Ditto (EU). 21 Fuel decarbonization (EU). 23 Biofuels criticized. 4/07:11 Car use fuels climate change - and obesity. Congestion charging (Milan). 12 CO2 from new cars (T&E ranking). 1/08:8 Renewable fuels (EU). 9 CO2 from new cars (EU). 10 Fuel quality directive revision (EU). 15 Euro VI standards proposed (EU). 16 Environmental zones. 2/08:9 Fuel quality directive revision (EU). 10-11 EU transport trends (TERM 2007). Road charging (EU). CO2 from cars (EU). 17 Plug-in cars. 3/08:6-7 Road charging proposal (EU). 7 Tyres (EU). 8 HDV standards (EU). Road pricing (Manchester, Copenhagen). 16-17 Fuel-efficient cars (EU). 4/08:14 Economic incentives in transport sector (Nordic countries). 1/09: 3 Petrol vapour recovery to become mandatory in EU. 20-21 Stricter emission limits for trucks and buses in EU. 21 Road transport has biggest impact on global warming. 2/09: 13 Transport emissions still on the increase. 20 Reduced pollution from EU petrol stations. 20 Fuel efficient cars lead to lower oil prices.   20 California adopts low-carbon fuel standard. 20 Obama sets limits on car CO2 emissions. 3/09: 2: Editorial – Transport and climate. 8 US to cut CO2 from cars and light-duty trucks.  9 Carbon dioxide cuts divide market. 4/09: 20 EU weakening fuel efficiency standards. 2/10: 10 First ever greenhouse gas emission standards for US vehicles. 22 Too much NOx from trucks.

AIRCRAFT
4/01:7 Small petrol engines (EU). Pleasure boats (EU). 8-9 Common transport policy proposed (EU). 9 Transport trends (EU). 4/02:5 External costs calculated. 3/03:23 Increasing emissions (UK). Subsidies calculated (Germany). 4/03:9 Aviation charges (UK). 2/05:19 Levy on airline tickets (EU). 3/05:15 Emissions trading (EU). 4/05:7 Aviation strategy (EU). 1/06:9 Emissions trading (EU). 1/07:11 Aviation to join emissions trading scheme (EU). 3/08:9 Aviation joins EU CO2 emissions trading. 4/09: 18 New greenhouse gas targets for global shipping and aviation. 1/10: 14 Copenhagen failure on shipping and aviation.

SHIPPING
1/01:8 Global CO2 emissions. 10 Pleasure craft emissions (EU directive). 17 Differentiated harbour dues (Åland, Finland). 3/01:10 Pleasure craft emissions (EU directive). 12 Emissions in Danish waters. NOx from Norwegian ships. Harbour dues in Hamburg. Cruise ships, Alaska. 4/01:2 Editorial. 14-15 Emissions and abatement. 15-16 Air quality in ports. 1/02:5 EU strategy underway. 13 Pleasure craft emissions. 16-17 Worse than trucks. 2/02:2 Editorial. 3 EU strategy. 3/02:8-10 Emission trends analyzed (EU). 10 Air pollution in ports (Calif.). 10 Contribution to formation of small particles. 4/02:1,4 Emission charging yields results (Sweden). 2 Editorial. 3 Ratification status of IMO MARPOL Annex VI. 6 EU sea strategy proposed. 8-9 Emissions trading proposed.  1/03:1,3-4 EU shipping strategy proposed. 2 Cost-effective to do it at sea (Editorial). 4-5 Sulphur in marine fuels (EU directive proposed). 24 Environmental labelling of ships (Germany). 2/03:1,3 Ecoship. 4-5 Sulphur in marine oils (EU). 5 "Toothless" requirements (USA). NOx abatement costs (Norway). 7 Pleasure craft (EU). Fact sheet: Air pollution from ships. 3/03:2 Sulphur in marine fuels (Editorial). 6-7 EU parliament wants stricter limits. 7 PAH emissions from ships. 7 MARPOL Annex VI. 8 Seawater scrubbing. 4/03:10 Contribution to local air pollution (Denmark). 1/04:1,3 Global emissions. 3 Clean Marine Award (EU). 4 Cost of low-sulphur fuel. 5 Responses to EU strategy for reducing emissions from seagoing ships. 6-7 Economic instruments (EU). 7 MARPOL Annex VI, status of ratification. 3/04:4 Sulphur in marine oils (EU). 5 MARPOL Annex VI into force next year. 5 Clean Marine Award (EU). 6-7 Shore-side electricity. 7 Low-sulphur fuels (Calif.). 4/04:2 EU emissions (Editorial). 10-11 Future emissions (CAFE scenarios). 1/05:1,3 Sulphur in marine fuels (costs & benefits). 2 Ditto (Editorial). 4-5 Ditto (EU directive). 5 Truck-engined tanker. Gas-powered tanker. 2/05:7 Sulphur in marine fuels (EU directive agreed). 18-19 En-route charges Baltic Sea. 20-22 Options for emission control. 22 Contribution to deposition. Concept model. 3/05:6 IMO MEPC meeting. NGO recommendations. Monitoring of emissions. 7 Marine sulphur directive into force (EU). 4/05:16-18 Abatement measures investigated (EU). 18 Assignment of international emissions (EU). 19 Economic instruments. 2/06:6-7 Stricter emission standards discussed (IMO). 7 Shoreside electricity. 3/06:16-17 Voluntary switch to low-sulphur fuel (Maersk). 18-19 Ferries must install exhaust cleaning (Sweden). 4/06:1, 3-4 More clean air per euro at sea (EU study). 2 Shipping industry must accept responsibility (Editorial). 5-7 Stricter fuel standards discussed (IMO). 7 Stricter requirements in port (Calif.). 16-17 Sulphur offsetting. 1/07:16 Stricter fuel standards discussed (IMO). 17-18 Global shipping emissions. 17 New rules for ships and locomotives (US). 2/07:1,4-5 Shipping emissions (ICCT report). 10-11 Stricter standards delayed (IMO). 12-13 Cost-effective to reduce shipping emissions (EU). 3/07:3 No agreement on ship emissions control (IMO). 6-7 Cost for low-sulphur shipping fuel. 13 Pleasure boats (EU). 18-19 EMEP emissions data. 4/07:1, 3 Causing 64,000 deaths a year. 4 Air quality effects (NL). 5 Emissions trading criticized. Economic instruments. 1/08:3 Ship fuels and health effects. 12-13 IMO moving slowly. 13 Port electrification (Calif.). 14-15 Baltic Sea states call for though emission controls. 2/08:3-4 IMO agreement on fuels. 5 External costs. 3/08:19-20 Shipping climate impact (IMO). 21 Soot emissions. Cleaner fuels (Calif.). 4/08:6-7 Global ship emission standards adopted. 1/09: Baltic sea – first nitrogen emissions control area? 2/09: 1,4-5 Cleaner ship fuels to save American lives. 2 Editorial – Europe needs Emission Control Areas. 6 Ships pollute half as much as world’s cars. 7 Environmental ship index underway. 7 California demands cleaner ship fuels. 8 Shipping would profit by cutting CO2 emissions. 22 Ship pollution costs billions. 3/09: Cutting ship fuel sulphur may save 45,000 lives. 18 Shipping climate policy continues to drift. 19 North American ECA met by approval. 4/09: 16-17 Make ships pay for the NOx emissions. 18 Ship emissions impact on Danish air quality. 19 New US ship rules ban high sulphur fuel. 1/10: 14 Copenhagen failure on shipping and aviation. 15 IMO urged to take action on black carbon emissions.15 New EU sulphur regulations in ports. 20 US cracks down on ship emissions. 21 Multi-pollutant scrubber does the job. 2/10: 15 North American ship pollution will be curbed. 19 Go slower to go greener. 23 Higher fuel bills will cut ship emissions. 3/10 1,4-5 High benefits of ship fuel action. 18-19 Pollutant emissions fall. 1/11: 20-21 Strict sulphur standards no threat to shipping. 21 Several options for cutting ships' emissions. 2/11: 20-21 Ship pollution causes 50,000 deaths per year.

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

1/01:18-19 Oilfield emissions (Norway). 3/01:22 Protocol evaluated. 1/02:1,4-5 Ditto. 2 Editorial. 5 VOCs in products (EU directive). 2/02:16 VOCs in paints. 4/02:6 Emissions from refineries underestimated (Belgium, Sweden). 1/03:7 Paints and varnishes (EU directive proposed). 3/03:7 PAH emissions from ships. 19 Air-quality directive (EU). 20 Paints and varnishes (EU directive). 4/03:16 Ditto. 1/04:9 Ditto. 2/04:5 Ditto. 2/08:9 Refuelling emissions (EU). 1/10: 8 Review of the VOC paints directive underway. 4/10: 18-19 Intercontinental transport of air pollutants

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